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  1. Cancer is a proliferation disease affecting a genetically unstable cell population, in which molecular alterations can be somatically inherited by genetic, epigenetic or extragenetic transmission processes, le...

    Authors: Jennifer Pasquier, Pierre Magal, Céline Boulangé-Lecomte, Glenn Webb and Frank Le Foll
    Citation: Biology Direct 2011 6:5
  2. Modeling of a complex biological process can explain the results of experimental studies and help predict its characteristics. Among such processes is transcription in the presence of competing RNA polymerases...

    Authors: Vassily A Lyubetsky, Oleg A Zverkov, Lev I Rubanov and Alexandr V Seliverstov
    Citation: Biology Direct 2011 6:3
  3. Surveying deleterious variation in human populations is crucial for our understanding, diagnosis and potential treatment of human genetic pathologies. A number of recent genome-wide analyses focused on the pre...

    Authors: Michael S Breen and Fyodor A Kondrashov
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:68
  4. It is common belief that all cellular life forms on earth have a common origin. This view is supported by the universality of the genetic code and the universal conservation of multiple genes, particularly tho...

    Authors: Eugene V Koonin and Yuri I Wolf
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:64
  5. It is difficult to measure precisely the phenotypic complexity of living organisms. Here we propose a method to calculate the minimal amount of genomic information needed to construct organism (effective infor...

    Authors: Yun Jiang and Cunshuan Xu
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:59
  6. Gene duplications are a source of new genes and protein functions. The innovative role of duplication events makes families of paralogous genes an interesting target for studies in evolutionary biology. Here w...

    Authors: Alexander Y Panchin, Mikhail S Gelfand, Vasily E Ramensky and Irena I Artamonova
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:54
  7. Gene expression divergence is a phenotypic trait reflecting evolution of gene regulation and characterizing dissimilarity between species and between cells and tissues within the same species. Several distance...

    Authors: Galina Glazko and Arcady Mushegian
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:51
  8. TATA Binding Protein (TBP) is required for transcription initiation by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. It participates in transcriptional initiation at the majority of eukaryotic gene promoters, either b...

    Authors: Sucheta A Gokhale, Reema Roshan, Vivek Khetan, Beena Pillai and Chetan J Gadgil
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:50
  9. Wnt5 genes belong to the large Wnt family, encoding proteins implicated into several tumorigenic and developmental processes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Wnt5 gene has been duplicated at the divergence time...

    Authors: Maria Kapasa, Stilianos Arhondakis and Sophia Kossida
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:49
  10. Improving knowledge of biodiversity will benefit conservation biology, enhance bioremediation studies, and could lead to new medical treatments. However there is no standard approach to estimate and to compare...

    Authors: Lucie Bittner, Sébastien Halary, Claude Payri, Corinne Cruaud, Bruno de Reviers, Philippe Lopez and Eric Bapteste
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:47
  11. Advances in digital data acquisition, analysis, and storage have revolutionized the work in many biological disciplines such as genomics, molecular phylogenetics, and structural biology, but have not yet found...

    Authors: Alexander Ziegler, Malte Ogurreck, Thomas Steinke, Felix Beckmann, Steffen Prohaska and Andreas Ziegler
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:45
  12. The wealth of prokaryotic genomic data available has revealed that the histories of many genes are inconsistent, leading some to question the value of the tree of life hypothesis. It has been argued that a tre...

    Authors: Ruben E Valas and Philip E Bourne
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:44
  13. Almost all known nucleic acid polymerases catalyze 5'-3' polymerization by mediating the attack on an incoming nucleotide 5' triphosphate by the 3'OH from the growing polynucleotide chain in a template depende...

    Authors: Vivek Anantharaman, Lakshminarayan M Iyer and L Aravind
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:43
  14. The hypothesis that both mitochondrial (mt) complementary DNA strands of tRNA genes code for tRNAs (sense-antisense coding) is explored. This could explain why mt tRNA mutations are 6.5 times more frequently p...

    Authors: Hervé Seligmann
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:39
  15. This paper is an attempt to trace the evolution of the ribosome through the evolution of the universal P-loop GTPases that are involved with the ribosome in translation and with the attachment of the ribosome ...

    Authors: Hyman Hartman and Temple F Smith
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:36
  16. Coding sequence (CDS) length, gene size, and intron length vary within a genome and among genomes. Previous studies in diverse organisms, including human, D. Melanogaster, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae, and Arabidops...

    Authors: You S Rao, Zhang F Wang, Xue W Chai, Guo Z Wu, Ming Zhou, Qing H Nie and Xi Q Zhang
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:35
  17. Evolutionarily unrelated proteins that catalyze the same biochemical reactions are often referred to as analogous - as opposed to homologous - enzymes. The existence of numerous alternative, non-homologous enz...

    Authors: Marina V Omelchenko, Michael Y Galperin, Yuri I Wolf and Eugene V Koonin
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:31
  18. Microbial consortia are a major form of life; however their stability conditions are poorly understood and are often explained in terms of species-specific defence mechanisms (secretion of extracellular matrix...

    Authors: Vittorio Venturi, Ádám Kerényi, Beáta Reiz, Dóra Bihary and Sándor Pongor
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:30
  19. The transition from premalignant to invasive tumour growth is a prolonged multistep process governed by phenotypic adaptation to changing microenvironmental selection pressures. Cancer prevention strategies ar...

    Authors: Kieran Smallbone, Philip K Maini and Robert A Gatenby
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:22
  20. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells is expected to be tightly controlled in order to maintain tissue homeostasis throughout life, also in the face of environmental hazards. Theor...

    Authors: Zvia Agur, Yuri Kogan, Liora Levi, Hannah Harrison, Rebecca Lamb, Oleg U Kirnasovsky and Robert B Clarke
    Citation: Biology Direct 2010 5:20

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