Ancient origin of the biosynthesis of lignin precursors

Biology Direct

Table 1 Distribution of lignin biosynthesis genes in archaeplastid genomes

Organism	Phylum	PAL	C4H	4CL	CCR	CAD	HCT	C3H	COMT	CCoAMT	F5H	CSE	sm F5H	PER	LAC
ARCHAEPLASTIDS
Land plants
Arabidopsis thaliana	Streptophyta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
Oryza sativa	Streptophyta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
Physcomitrella patens	Streptophyta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+		+	+
Picea abies	Streptophyta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
Selaginella moellendorffii	Streptophyta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Green algae
Bathycoccus prasinos	Chlorophyta					+^G				+^G
Botryococcus braunii	Chlorophyta					+^E				+^E
C. reinhardtii	Chlorophyta				+	+				+^G					+^G
Chlorella sp. NC64A	Chlorophyta				+^G	+^G				+^G					+^G
Chlorella variablilis	Chlorophyta			+^G	+^G	+^G				+^G					+^G
Coccomyxa subellipsoidea	Chlorophyta			+^G	+	+				+			+^G		+^G
Dunaliella salina	Chlorophyta					+^E
Haematococcus pluvialis	Chlorophyta					+^E
M. pusilla CCMP1545	Chlorophyta					+^G				+^G
Micromonas sp. RCC299	Chlorophyta					+^G				+^G
O. lucimarinus	Chlorophyta					+
Ostreococcus sp.RCC809	Chlorophyta					+^G
Ostreococcus tauri	Chlorophyta					+^G				+^G
Polytomella sp.	Chlorophyta					+^G
Polytomella parva	Chlorophyta					+^E
Prototheca wickerhamii	Chlorophyta					+^E
Volvox carteri	Chlorophyta				+^G	+				+^G
Red algae
C. tuberculosum	Rhodophyta			+^G	+^G	+^G				+^G					+^G
Chondrus crispus	Rhodophyta			+^G	+^G	+^G									+^G
Cyanidioschyzon merolae	Rhodophyta				+^G	+^G				+^G
Galdiera sulphararia	Rhodophyta			+^G		+^G
Porphyridium cruentum	Rhodophyta			+^E	+^E	+^E				+^E
Glaucophytes
Cyanophora paradoxa	Glaucophyta			+^G	+^G	+^G

Footnote = + Present in both genome sequence and EST library, +^E Present in EST library only, +^G Present in genome sequence only. Presence (+) is determined by a reciprocal BLASTP hit with an E-value < 1x10^-30 or less using the characterized land plant A. thaliana or S. moellendorffii gene as a query, searching the NCBI, JGI, and Congenie databases. The abbreviations used for the enzyme can be described as follows: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL); cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H); 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL); cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR); cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD); p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA (HCT); p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H); caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT); caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAMT); ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H); caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) and Selaginella moelledorfii F5H (smF5H); peroxidase (PER); and laccase (LAC).

ISSN: 1745-6150