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Figure 10 | Biology Direct

Figure 10

From: The Rodin-Ohno hypothesis that two enzyme superfamilies descended from one ancestral gene: an unlikely scenario for the origins of translation that will not be dismissed

Figure 10

Evidence for sense/antisense ancestry of the secondary structures connecting catalytic peptides in Class I and Class II aaRS. Frequency distributions of codon middle base-pairing in control (A,C) and antisense alignments of a 94-residue Urgene excerpted from ~200 TrpRS and ~200 HisRS contemporary coding sequences (B). Distributions under the RO hypothesis (B) have significantly higher mean values than do those for two samples exhibiting the Null hypothesis that predicts a pairing frequency of 0.25 (one base in four). D,E. Domain and evolutionary time-dependent estimates for codon middle-base pairing between antisense alignments of TrpRS and HisRS. D. Breakdown of the three consensus domains. The nine columns arise from comparing sequences for one synthetase another when broken down by domain. E. Codon middle-base pairing between reconstructed ancestral sequences derived from phylogenetic trees of TrpRS and HisRS Urgene sequences increases as the trees approach the root. Dotted line; all sequences, Solid line bacterial sequences only. (From Chandrasekaran, et al., Mol. Biol. Evol. 2013, 30:1588-1604).

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