Nonsynonymous substitution rate (Ka) is a relatively consistent parameter for defining fast-evolving and slow-evolving protein-coding genes

Table 3 Functional enrichment of fast-evolving and slow-evolving genes in large mammals.

Fast-evolving genes
ID	Category Name	horse	dog	cow
BP00299	Steroid hormone metabolism	*
MF00291	Other enzyme activator	*
MF00247	Membrane-bound signaling molecule		*	*
BP00240	Fertilization			*
BP00274	Cell communication			*
Slow-evolving genes
MF00170	Ligase	*	*
MF00283	Ubiquitin-protein ligase	*	*
MF00225	Other zinc finger transcription factor	*
MF00222	Zinc finger transcription factor		*
MF00031	Voltage-gated ion channel			*
MF00213	Non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase			*
P00019	Endothelin signaling pathway			*
P00059	p53 pathway	*
P00002	Alpha adrenergic receptor signaling pathway			*
P00003	Alzheimer disease-amyloid secretase pathway			*
P04374	5HT2 type receptor mediated signaling pathway			*
P04391	Oxytocin receptor mediated signaling pathway			*
P04394	Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling pathway			*

Note: The asterisks depict functional classifications of genes that are significantly enriched based on Fisher's Exact Test after multiple corrections among large mammals.

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