Figure 1

Schematic of the effects of myeloma on the autocrine and paracrine signaling in the osteoclast and osteoblast cell populations in the presence of tumor. The model of bone remodeling without tumor is taken from [22], including the meaning of the parameters g₁₁ (osteoclast autocrine signaling), g₁₂ (osteoclast stimulation of osteoblast production), g₂₁ (osteoblast inhibition of osteoclast production), and g₂₂ (osteoblast autocrine signaling). The tumor cells alter these interactions through modifications of the parameters g₁₁, g₁₂, g₂₁, g₂₂.