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Table 3 Barriers (δΦ) for addition of amino acids to codon blocks in columns 2, 3 and 4 in the positions indicated in Figure 3.

From: A four-column theory for the origin of the genetic code: tracing the evolutionary pathways that gave rise to an optimized code

Col 2 (4 codons)

Col 3 (4 × 2 codons)

Col 4 (4 codons)

 

ε = 0.05

ε = 0

 

ε = 0.05

ε = 0

 

ε = 0.05

ε = 0

Thr

-0.03

0.01

Glu

-1.94

-2.02

Gly

0.00

0.00

Ala

0.00

0.00

Gln

-1.89

-1.93

Ser

0.77

0.92

Ser

0.10

0.06

Asn

-1.65

-1.67

Ala

0.98

1.09

Pro

0.53

0.57

Lys

-0.66

-0.73

Asn

1.44

1.69

Asn

2.10

2.13

Asp

0.00

0.00

Thr

1.45

1.65

Cys

2.27

2.41

Arg

1.13

1.11

Pro

1.62

1.83

Gln

2.63

2.72

His

1.22

1.31

Asp

1.65

1.87

Gly

2.65

2.61

Pro

3.81

4.03

Cys

1.75

1.84

His

2.75

2.87

Thr

4.28

4.54

Gln

1.85

2.13

Met

3.23

3.47

Ser

5.42

5.73

His

1.86

2.10

Val

3.48

3.74

Tyr

6.28

6.53

Glu

1.95

2.21

Asp

3.62

3.65

Ala

9.33

9.80

Met

2.29

2.45

Leu

3.71

4.00

Met

9.89

10.32

Lys

2.42

2.68

Glu

3.89

3.96

Trp

11.65

12.04

Val

2.46

2.58

Tyr

3.97

4.18

Gly

12.10

12.64

Tyr

2.54

2.75

Ile

4.21

4.51

Phe

12.94

13.45

Leu

2.57

2.70

Phe

4.59

4.88

Cys

13.43

14.00

Arg

2.61

2.85

Lys

4.79

4.89

Leu

13.68

14.25

Ile

2.69

2.80

Arg

5.46

5.59

Val

14.26

14.85

Phe

2.78

2.91

Trp

6.20

6.46

Ile

15.15

15.76

Trp

3.25

3.39